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Canadian energy flow Sankey diagram

The Canadian energy flow Sankey diagram below shows the distribution and transformation of energy within Canada, by year, from 2019 onward.

The Sankey diagram helps to identify key contributors to energy consumption by showing how primary energy source inputs (e.g. primary electricity and fossil fuels) are converted or exported and then subsequently distributed across end-use sectors (e.g. transportation, industry, residential, and commercial). The width of the lines is proportional to the quantity of energy being transferred.

The data for the Sankey are drawn from the Report on Energy Supply and Demand in Canada: Explanatory Information.

This information enables policy makers and researchers to increase sustainability and efficiency in the evolving Canadian energy landscape.

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Glossary

Adjustments
Includes stock variation, cyclical billing variations, metering differences, losses in transportation, and secondary products production efficiency.
Coal, coke, coke oven gas
Includes bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite and anthracite, as well as coke and coke oven gas, available for consumption.
Input coal for coke plants and coke transformed to coke oven gas are included; their consumption is accounted for in Transformation and adjustments.
Commercial and public admin
Commercial and other institutional - Final consumers, including service industries related to mining, transportation, as well as storage and warehousing, communications and utility (excluding electricity and natural gas), wholesale and retail trade, finance and insurance, real estate and business service, education, health and social services and other service industries.
Public administration - Establishments of federal, provincial and municipal governments primarily engaged in activities associated with public administration.
Crude oil and refined products imports
Imports of crude oil and equivalent products, and refined petroleum products (e.g. gasoline, fuel oil).
Crude oil production
Includes crude oil and equivalent products, including conventional crude oil, crude bitumen, synthetic crude, pentanes plus, and condensate.
Exported energy
Exports of energy products comprise all fuels and other energy products leaving the national territory. Exports can either be credited to the province where the goods are grown, extracted, or manufactured or to the province where the goods cleared customs.
Fossil fuels availability
Fossil fuels available for consumption including natural gas, coal, coke, coke oven gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum products, and blended renewable fuels.
Fossil fuels production
Fossil fuels refers to non-renewable resources that were formed from biomass in the geological past (e.g., coal, natural gas, crude oil, bitumen), and secondary products manufactured from those natural resources (e.g., pentanes, butane, propane).
Hydraulic turbine
The generation of electricity from a plant in which the turbine generators are driven by flowing water.
Imported energy
Imports of energy products comprise all fuel and other energy products entering the national territory. Imports can either be credited to the province where the goods are consumed or to the province where the goods cleared customs.
Industrial use
Industrial use is the summation of total mining and oil and gas extraction, total manufacturing, forestry and logging and support activities for forestry, and construction. 
Natural gas
Marketable natural gas available for consumption.
Natural gas liquids
Includes propane, butane and ethane available for consumption. Condensate produced by gas plants is included with crude oil. All flows, except production and producer consumption, include NGLs produced at refinery and natural gas processing plants.
Natural gas liquids production
Includes propane, butane, and ethane.
Non-energy use
Amounts used for purposes other than fuel or transformation purposes. Includes products being used as petrochemical feedstock, anodes/cathodes, greases, lubricants, etc.
Nuclear steam turbine
Electricity generated at an electric power plant in which the turbines are driven by steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fission of nuclear fuel.
Other exports
Exported energy not including crude oil or natural gas.
Other imports
Imported energy, excluding crude oil and refined product sources.
Other types of electricity production
The generation of electricity from other sources such as tidal, solar, and geothermal.
Petroleum products
Refined petroleum products available for consumption. They are derived from crude oil through various refinery processes and include fuels like motor gasoline, diesel and fuel oil.
Primary electricity
Primary electricity available for consumption. Includes production from hydro, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar generated electricity. The assumption is made that international and inter-regional movements of electricity are from primary sources.
Primary energy production
The capture, extraction or manufacture of fossil fuels, renewable fuels, primary electricity, or energy in forms that are ready for general use.
Producer consumption
Producers' consumption is the consumption by the producing industry of its own produced fuel - for example refined petroleum products consumed by the refined petroleum products industry.
Renewable fuels production
Includes fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel.
Residential and agriculture
Residential - Includes all personal residences including single family residences, apartments, apartment hotels, condominiums and farm homes.
Agriculture - Establishments primarily engaged in agriculture, hunting and trapping activities. Includes establishments engaged in providing support activities; mushroom growing; greenhouses and nurseries.
Secondary electricity
Secondary electricity available for consumption. It represents the amount of electricity generated from thermal generation It may include some fuel used for co-generation for which adequate data is not available to enable the split of the fuels.
Steam
Steam sold includes only known steam sales of large producers and therefore excludes any steam produced for own consumption as process steam or space heating. Generation of steam for sale data differs from other energy forms in that they are shown under transformed to other fuels. Steam for sale generation is expressed as a negative number so that the column remains additive. Secondary generation of steam for sale can be the product of dedicated steam plants or the result of co-generation of electricity and steam. For the dedicated plants, the amounts of fuels used are known; whereas for co-generation plants, only an estimate of the fuels used for steam for sale generation may be made.
Total consumption
Available electricity and fossil fuels for consumption.
Total electricity availability
Total electricity from primary and secondary electricity production.
Total primary electricity production
Electricity production from turbine mechanical devices including hydraulic, wind power, and nuclear steam.
Total supply
Total energy supply including the production of primary energy sources such as fossil fuels, primary electricity production, renewable fuels, and imported energy.
Transformation and adjustments
A residual calculation comprising the total consumption value less all other use values. It includes product transformations such as fuel used to generate secondary electricity and coal used to produce coke.
Transportation use
Transportation use is the summation of railways, total airlines, total marine, pipelines, road transport and urban transit, and retail pump sales. In this sector, only the use of fuel by the transportation industry for transportation purposes are included.
Wind power turbine
The generation of electricity at a power plant in which the prime mover is a wind turbine. Electric power is generated by the conversion of wind power into mechanical energy.